连笔字网 > 知识库

情态动词的用法,情态动词的用法归纳

来源:连笔字网 2023-12-11 11:19:42 作者:连笔君

情态动词的用法归纳

基本特征:有词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须和动词原形构成谓语

无人称和数的变化
后接动词原形
类型: 只作情态动词的
既可做情态动词,又可做实义动词的can,may,must,could,might
既可做情态动词,又可做助动词need
具有情态动词的某些特征have to, had better.

关于情态动词的用法

情态动词的定义:

情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语, 只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。

We can be there on time tomorrow.

我们明天能按时去那儿。

May I have your name?

我能知道你的名字吗?

Shall we begin now?

我们现在就开始吗?

You must obey the school rules.

你必须遵守校规。

情态动词数量不多,但用途广泛,主要有下列:

can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would) .

情态动词的位置:

情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前, 谓语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词之前,疑问句中, 情态动词则在主语之前。

I can see you. Come here.

我能看见你,过来吧。

He must have been away.

他一定走了。

What can I do for you?

你要什么?

How dare you treat us like that!

你怎能那样对待我们!

情态动词的特点:

情态动词无人称和数的变化, 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 "not"。 个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式, 过去式用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气, 时态性不强, 可用于过去,现在或将来。

He could be here soon.

他很快就来。

We can't carry the heavy box.

我们搬不动那箱子。

I'm sorry I can't help you.

对不起,我帮不上你。

情态动词的用法:

can (could) 表示说话人能,可以,同意,准许,以及

客观条件许可,could 为 can 的过去式。

Can you pass me the books?

你能给我递一下书吗 ?

Could you help me, please?

请问,你能帮助我吗?

What can you do?

你能干点什么呢?

Can you be sure?

你有把握吗?

can 和could 只能用于现在式和过去式两种时态,将来时态用 be able to 来表示。

He could help us at all.

他完全可以帮助我们。

With the teacher's help,I shall be able to speak English correctly.

由于老师的帮助,我将能准确地讲英语。

may (might) 可以, 表示说话人同意,许可或请求对方许可。

You may take the book home.

你可以把书带回家去.

May I come in?

我可以进来吗?

May I use your dictionary?

我可以用你的词典吗?

You may put on more clothes.

你可以多穿点衣服.

He said he might lend us some money.

他说他可以借给我们一些钱。

may 否定式为 may not, 缩写形式是 mayn't.

might 是may 的过去式, 有两种用法, 一种表示过去式,一种表示虚拟语气, 使语气更加委婉, 客气或对可能性的怀疑。

He told me he might be here on time.

他说他能按时间来。

Might I borrow some money now.

我可以借点钱吗?

He might be alive.

他可能还活着。

Must 必须,应该,一定,准是, 表示说话人认为有必要做某事, 命令, 要求别人做某事以及对事物的推测。

must 用来指一般现在时和一般将来时, 过去式可用 have to 的过去式代替。

I must finish my work today.

我今天必须完成我的工作。

You mustn't work all the time.

你不能老是工作。

Must I return the book tomorrow?

我必须明天还书吗?

After such a long walk, you must be tired.

走了这么长的路,你一定困了。

He must be the man I am looking for.

他一定是我要找的人。

He had to go because of somebody's calling

him that day.

那天他要走是因为有人叫他。

must + have + 过去分词,表示现在对过去事物的推测。

He must have told my parents about it.

他一定把这件事情告诉我父母亲了。

He must have received my letter now.

他现在一定收到我的信了。

It's six o'clock already, we must have been late again.

已经六点钟了,我们一定又迟到了。

must 和 have to 的区别: must 表示说话人的主观思想, have to 表示客观需要。

You must do it now.

你必需现在就干。(说话人认为必须现在干)

I have to go now.

我得走了。(客观条件必须现在走)

need 需要 多用在否定式或疑问句中.

Need I attend the meeting tomorrow?

我需要明天参加会议吗?

You need not hand in the paper this week.

这一周你不必交论文。

need 是一个情态动词, 他的用法完全和其他情态动词一样, 但 need 还可当作实义动词使用, 这时 need 就象其他动词一样,有第三人称,单复数, 后面加带 to 的动词等特性。

I need a bike to go to school.

我上学需要一辆自行车。

Do you need a dictionary?

你需要词典吗?

She needs a necklace.

她需要一条项链。

needn't + have + 过去分词 表示过去做了没必要做的事情。

You needn't have taken it seriously.

这件事情你不必太认真。

dare 敢 多用在否定或疑问句中。

The little girl dare not speak in public.

小女孩不敢在公众面前说话。

Dare you catch the little cat?

你敢抓小猫吗?

dare 除用作情态动词外,更多的是当实义动词使用, 用法同实义动词一样,要考虑人称,单复数,时态等。

Do you dare to walk in the dark?

你敢黑夜走路吗?

He doesn't dare to tell the teacher what happened that day.

他不敢告诉老师那天发生的事。

ought 应当,应该 后面跟带有 to 的动词不定式。

You ought to read these books if you want to know how to repair the motorcar.

如果你想知道如何修理汽车,你应该读这些书。

You ought to bring the child here.

你应该把孩子带来。

ought + to have done 句型。指过去动作,表示一件事情该做而未做。

You ought to have been here yesterday.

你昨天就应该来。

ought not to have done 句型。表示一件不该做的事情却做了。

You ought not to have taken the book out of the reading-room.

你不应该把书带出阅览室。

will (would)决心,愿望。 would 为 will 的过去式,

可用于各人称。

I'll do my best to catch up with them.

我要尽全力赶上他们。

I'll never do it again, that's the last time.

我再不会做那件事情了,这是最后一次。

He said he would help me.

他说他会帮助我。

will, would用于疑问句表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问,用 would 比 will 更婉转,客气。

It's hot. Will you open the windows?

天气太热了,你能打开窗户吗?

Will you help me to work it out?

你能帮我解这道题吗?

Would you like some coffee?

给你来点咖啡怎样?

Shall, should表示命令,警告,允诺,征求,劝告,建议惊奇。

You should hand in the exercise book.

你应该交作业本儿了。

This should be no problem.

这应该没问题。

Shall we go now.

我们现在可以走了吗?

Why should I meet him?

为什么我要见他?

have to,不得不,必须,表示客观条件只能如此, 而must 则表示主观思想必须。

I have to go now.

我现在得走了。

I have to cook for my child.

我得给孩子做饭。

You must be here on time next time.

你下次一定要按时来。

We must go to get the timetable ourselves.

我们一定要自己去拿时刻表。

英语中的情态动词有哪些

1.情态动词包括will,would,shall,should,can,could,may,might,must,need,dare,ought to,used to等,后接原形不定式.
2.情态动词不受主语的人称和数的限制.
3.两个情态动词不能连用.

常见的几种情态动词的用法

在英语中,情态动词的用法是英语语法中比较重要的一项。在初中英语中,常见的情态动词有can(could),may(might),must等,现将其用法归纳如下:一、情态动词的特征1.情态动词本身有词义,但词义不完全,因此不能单独作谓语。2.情态动词后接的动词不定式一律不带to。3.情态动词无人称变化。二、情态动词的用法1.can①表示体力或脑力方面的“能力”。如:Canyoudrive?你会开车吗?CanyouspeakEnglish?你会说英语吗?②表示客观条件允许。如:Theairplanecantakeoffnow.Thestormhasstopped.飞机可以起飞了。暴风雨停了。③在否定句和疑问句中,有时表示说话人的怀疑,惊慌,猜测和不肯定性。如:No,itcan’tbetrue.不,这不可能是事实。Howcanyoubesocareless!你怎么会这么粗心!Hecan’tbeinthelibrary.他现在不会在图书馆。2.may①用来询问或表示允许。如:MayIcomein?我可以进来吗?②表示说话人的猜测,认为某一事情“或许”或“可能”发生。

情态动词有什么用法

1.情态动词的特征

(1)情态动词本身有词义,但词义不完全,因此不能单独作谓语,只能和其他的动词原形一起构成谓语。

(2)情态动词后接的动词不定式一律不带to。

(3)情态动词不随人称变化而变。

(4)含有情态动词的否定都是由“情态动词 + not”构成的。

2.情态动词的用法

(1)can

表示能力。

表示客观条件允许。

用在疑问句或否定句中表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。

(2)could

can的过去式。

表示过去的能力或可能性。

表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度时,比can态度缓和。

比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。

可以代替can用于现在的动作,但语气较为婉转。

在虚拟条件句中构成谓语。

(3)may

否定式:may not或mustn’t,表示“不行,不许”。

表示询问或说明一件事可不可以做。

表示一件事或许会发生。

表示祝愿。

在表示目的或让步的状语从句中构成谓语。

(4)might

may的过去式。

表示询问或允许或可能、推测。

表示可以做的事或可能发生的事,比may口气缓和。

表示现在的事情,语气较may弱一些,可能性更小一些。

用在表示目的等的状语从句中。

用在虚拟条件句的主句中。

注意:may,might后加动词不定式的完成式可以表示对过去的推测,认为某事在过去可能发生,这一用法中may和might都指过去,不过might较may更含蓄或更不肯定。

(5)must

否定式:needn’t

表示必须要做的事。

表示推测,比may肯定,用于肯定句中。

加动词不定式的完成式或完成进行式可以表示对过去事情的推测。

可表示过去情况,主要用在间接引语或宾语从句中。

表示“偏偏”的意思。

(6)have to

后接动词原形,表示“不得不,必须”的意思,它比must更含有“客观条件使得必须如此做”的意思。

(7)ought

和不定式构成谓语:ought to do,oughtn’t to do

表示应该做的事情,比should语气稍重。

表示非常可能的事。

后接动词不定式的完成时,如用肯定结构,表示过去某事该做而未做;如否定结构,则表示过去不该做的事情发生了。

此用法相当于should (not)have done结构。

(8)dare

表示“敢于”,过去式是dared。

除在“I dare say……”这种结构中,dare极少用于肯定句中,常用在否定句、疑问句及条件句中。

常和动词不定式连用,但不带to。

(9)need

表示“需要”,用于否定句和疑问句中,和不定式连用。

句型:need to be done/doing(主动表被动)

need后面有名词或动名词作宾语时,need是实义动词,但后接动名词的句子相当于被动语态。

(10)shall

主要用于第一人称的疑问句中,表示征求对方意见。

(11)should

表示“劝告,建议”,译作“应当”。

表示“推测,可能”。

后接动词不定式的完成式时,表示过去的事情。肯定句中表示该做的没做;否定句中表示不该做的发生了。

(12)will,would

主要用于第二人称的疑问句中,表示说话人向对方提出请求,would较will更客气些。

(13)used to

后接动词原形,表示以前常发生的动作,但现在不是这样了,通常用于肯定句中。

句型:be used to,后接动名词或名词,表示“习惯……”。

3.情态动词虚拟语气中的用法句型

(1)表示对现在情况的推测(情态动词 + v.)

肯定:must/may/might + be/do/be doing

否定:can/could + not + be/do/be doing

疑问:Can/Could + sb. + be/do/be doing

(2)表示对过去情况的推测(情态动词 + have done)

肯定:must/may/might + have been

否定:can/could + not + have been/done

疑问:Can/Could + sb. + have been/have done

注意:表示推测(可能性从大到小):must,can,could,may,might。

英语情态动词用法

情态动词的用法要点

一.can和could
情态动词用法例句

can/could
表示能力1.“I don’t think Mike can type.”
“Yes, he can.”
2.I can speak fluent English now , but I couldn’t last year.
在肯定句中,表示客观可能性,并不涉及具体某事会发生,常用来说明人或事物的特征。要表达具体某事实际发生的可能性时,不用can,需用could,may,might。1.As a human being, anyone can make a mistake.
2.I’m confident that a solution can be found.
3.He can be very forgetful sometimes.
4.I may stay at home this weekend.(实际可能性)
5.Peter might come to join us.(实际可能性)
6.It will be sunny in the daytime ,but it could rain tonight.(实际可能性)

表示请求和允许。表示请求,口语中常用could代替can,使语气更委婉。1.Can we turn the air conditioner on?
2.Any police officer can insist on seeing a driver’s license.
3.In soccer, you can’t touch the ball with your hands.
4.Could you have her call me back when she gets home, please?
5.I wonder if I could just ask you to sign this.
表示对现在的动作或状态进行主观的猜测,主要用在否定句和疑问句中。1.It can’t be easy caring for a man and a child who are not your own.
2.Can the man over there be our head master?
表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度,主要用在否定句、疑问句和感叹句中。1.Can this be an excuse for not giving them help?
2.This can’t be true.
3.How can you be so crazy.

特别说明:
(1)could用来表示请求时,语气委婉,主要用于疑问句,不能用于肯定句,答语应用can(即:could不能用于现在时态的简略答语中)。如:
——Could I use your dictionary?
——Yes, you can.(否定回答可用:No, I’m afraid not.)
(2)can和be able to辨析
can(could)和be able to都可以表示能力,意思上没有区别。但can只有现在式和过去式,而be able to则有更多的形式。如:
I’ve always wanted to able to speak fluent English.
Those bags look really heavy, are you sure you’ll be able to carry them on your own?
但是,表示在过去某时的某一场合经过一番努力,终于做成了某事,通常不用could,而用was/were able to来表示。这时,was/were able to相当于managed to do或succeed in doing。如:
After the accident it was a long time before she was able to walk again.
The fire was very big, but most people were able to escape from the building.
(3) 惯用形式“cannot …too…”表示“无论怎么……也不(过分)”。如:
You cannot be too careful.你越小心越好。
惯用形式“cannot but+ 不定式(不带to)”表示“不得不,只好”。如:
I cannot but admire her determination.我不得不钦佩你的决心。

二.may和 might
情态动词用法例句

may/might表示允许、许可。否定回答一般用must not/mustn’t,表示“禁止、阻止”之意,但也可以用had better not (最好别)或may not(不可以),语气较为委婉。1.May I come in and wait?
2.——May I smoke here?
——No, you mustn’t(或No, you’d better not.)
在表示请求、允许时,might比may语气更委婉些。用May I征询对方许可在文体上比较正式,在口气上比较客气,在日常用语中,用Can I征询对方意见更为常见。1.Might I borrow your pen?
2.I wonder if I might speak to your son.
表示可能性的推测,通常用在肯定句和否定句中,含有“或许”“大概”“可能”之意;用might代替may时,则语气显得更加不肯定。1.It may rain this afternoon.
2.She might come to join us this afternoon.
3.I suppose he might have missed the train.

may用于祈使句表示祝愿1.May you succeed.
2.Long may he live! 愿他能持续住下去。
3.May you have many more days as happy as this one.
4.May she rest in peace.愿她安息。
惯用句式:
“may well+ 动词原形”,意为“完全能,很可能”,相当于to be very likely to

“may as well或might(just)as well+动词原形”意为“最好,满可以,倒不如”,相当于“had better或there is no reason to do anything else.1.It may well change forever the way you look at Greek art.
2.There may well be a real problem here.
3.There is nothing to do, so I may as well go to bed.
4.You may as well tell us now, we’ll find out sooner or later.
5.I suppose we might as well go home.
6.And if you have to plough the field anyway, you might as well plant it at the same time.

二.must和have to
情态动词用法例句

must表示“必须,应该”之意,语气比should,ought to强烈。其否定形式mustn’t表示“不准,不应该,禁止”等意1.You must come to school on time.
2.Everybody must obey the law.
3.You mustn’t drive so fast in the street.
4.We mustn’t waste any more time.
在回答带有must的问句时,否定回答常用needn’t或don’t have to,表示“不必”,而不用mustn’t1.—Must I come back before ten?
—Yes,you must.(No, you needn’t)
表示有把握的推测,意为“一定、准是、相必”,只用于肯定句中1.It must be my mother.
2.You must be hungry after a walk.
3.There must be a hole in the wall.
have to

have to“必须,不得不”,意义与must相近。但must表示的是说话人的主观看法,而have to则往往强调客观需要。1.The film is not interesting. I really must go now.
2.I have to go now, because my mother is in hospital.
must只有一种形式,即现在式与过去式都是一种形式,而have to则涉及各种人称、时态等方面的变化形式。1.I had to work hard when I was your age.
2.I will have to learn how to use a computer.
3.In order to take the exam, we’ll have to finish the whole book by the end of this month .
两者的否定意义不同,mustn’t表示“禁止,不许”,don’t have to表示不必。1.You mustn’t go there.
2.You don’t have to go there.

四.shall和should
情态动词用法例句
shall用于第一、二、三人称构成的疑问句,表示征求对方意见或请求指示1.Shall I open the window?
2.Shall we say 6 o’clock, then?
3.What shall I get for dinner?
用于第二、三人称陈述句中,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。1.Don’t worry, you shall get the answer this afternoon.(允诺)
2.He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. (警告)
3.You shall do as I say. (命令)
4.If you children don’t do as I tell you, you shall not go to the party. (威胁)
should表示劝告或建议,意为“应该”1.What should I do?
2.Should I trust him?
3.You should read his new book.
表示推测,用在肯定句中,对现在的情况或可能发生
的事的主观推测或期待。意为“想必,大概,或许”1.It should be a nice day tomorrow.
2.Try phoning Robert, he should be home now.
3.He should be around sixty years old.
还可以用在if引导的条件句中,表示一件事听起来可能性很小,但也不是完全不可能,相当于“万一”的意思。从句谓语用should+动词原形构成,主句都一定用虚拟语气1.Ask Tom to ring me up if you should see him. (你万一见到汤姆,请让他给我打个电话)
2.Should I be free tomorrow, I’ll come. (万一我明天有时间,我就过来)
3.If things should change suddenly, please let me know. (万一情况突变,请通知我)
用于疑问句或感叹句中,表示意外、惊异的情绪,意为“竟会”,与why,what,how,who连用,如果是疑问句,则不需要回答。1.Why should anyone want to marry Tony?
2.Don’t ask me. How should I know?

五.will和would
情态动词用法例句
will/would用于表示意志或意愿。will指现在,would指过去。1.He is the man who will go his own way. (他首歌自行其是的人。)
2.They said they would meet us at 10:30 at the station.
表示请求、建议等,用would比用will委婉、客气。1.Will you please take a message for him?
2.Would you please tell me your telephone number?
表示习惯或倾向,意为“总是,惯于”。will至现在,would指过去。1.Fish will die without water.
2.People will talk. (人们总会说闲话。)
3.When we worked in the same office, we would often have coffee together.
表示推测,意为“很可能,大概”。will表示推测比should把握大,比must把握小。1.These things will happen.
2.That will be the messenger ringing.
3.It would be about ten o’clock when he left home.
表示功能,意为“能,行”。惯用形式:will do/would do表示“解决问题”、“就行”。1.That will be all right.
2.Either pen will do.
3.It would not do to work too late.(工作太晚不行。)
用于否定句中,意为“不肯”、“不乐意”1.I won’t listen to your nonsense.
2.No matter what I said, he wouldn’t listen to me.

特别说明:would与used to辨析
would可用来表示过去反复出现的动作,但不能表示过去存在的状态,所以我们不能说:“she would be a quiet girl.”
另外,would强调过去某种特定情况下的活动,是完全过去的事情,同现在没有联系。而used to则着眼于过去和现在的对比,隐含现在已不存在,动作或状态都可表示。Would可以表示不规则的习惯,used to则不可。如:
He used to be a naughty boy and cause trouble.
I used to get up at six in the morning.
Sometimes she would take a walk in the neighboring woods.
In those days, whenever I had difficulties, I would go to Mr. Chen for help.

六.need和dare
情态动词用法例句

need用于表示“需要,必要”之意。做情态动词时,仅用于否定句和疑问句,只有现在时,过去式要用needn't have,疑问式用need+人称?,否定式用need not(即needn't),1.—Need we leave soon?
—Yes, you must.(No, you needn't)
2.You needn't have hurried.
(=It was not necessary for you to hurry,but you did).你当时不必这么匆忙。
做实义动词时,其变化与一般的实义动词相同,后接带to的不定式(need doing = need to be done ),过去式用needed、did you need?和didn't need,肯定式用needs/needed/need,疑问式用do、does、did提问,否定式要在前面加don't、doesn't、didn't1. A job like nursing needs patience and understanding.(need+名词,need understanding=need to be understood,需要被理解)
2.He needs to see a doctor.(need to do)
3.Do you still need volunteers to help clean up after the party?(need somebody to do something)
4.They didn't need to start so early.(do not need to do)

dare用于表示“敢于”之意。做情态动词,没有人称和数的变化,主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中1.—Dare you tell her the truth?
—Yes, I dare. /No, I daren’t.
3.How dare you accuse me of lying!
4.He daren’t admit this.
用作实义动词时,其变化与一般的实义动词相同。在肯定句中,dare后接带to的不定式;否定句中,dare后既可接带to的不定式,也可接不带to的不定式。1.Only a few journalists dared to cover the story.
2.He doesn’t dare (to) go there alone.
3.Don’t you dare (to) touch it?

七.ought的用法:
情态动词用法例句

ought to do表示“应该”之意1.You ought to take care of him.
2.—Ought I go now?
—Yes, you ought to. /No, you oughtn’t to.
表示推测。注意与must表示推测是的区别1.He must be home by now. (断定他已到家)
2.He ought to be home by now. (不十分肯定)
3.This is where the oil must be. (比较直率)
4.This is where the oil ought to be. (比较含蓄)

说明:should与ought to 表示“应该”时的区别
should 表示自己的主观看法,而ought to的语气中,含有“按道理应该……”之意。若要反映客观情况或涉及法律义务和规定,一般用ought to。如:
You should help them with their work.
You are his father. You ought to get him to receive good education.

八.“情态动词+have done”用法
情态动词+have done用法例句
must have done 表示主观上对过去已经发生的行为进行推测,意为“想必,准是,一定做了某事”1.She must have gone through a lot.
2.He must have visited the White House during his stay in the United States.
may/might have done表示对过去已发生行为的推测,意为“也许/或许已经(没有)……“。一般用于肯定句或否定句中,不用于疑问句。用might则表示语气更加不肯定。1.You may have learnt the news.
2.He may not have heard his name called.
3.Sorry I’m late. I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.
can…have done
cannot have done表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定,通常用在否定句和疑问句中。(can换成could时语气委婉)1.Where can she have gone?
2.Could he have done such a foolish thing?
3.The boy can’t have finished reading the book so soon because it is difficult even to an adult.
could have done可用于肯定句中,表示“可能已经……”之意,此外,还可以表示过去能做而没做的事,有一种对过去为付诸实施的事情的惋惜。1.He could have killed himself driving at a dangerous speed.
2.You could have been more considerate.
3.You could have done better, but you were too careless.
might have done表示“本来可能……,但实际上没有发生的事情”。另外,还可以表示“本来应该或可以做某事”之意,含有轻微的责备语气。1.You should not swim in that sea. You might have been eaten by a shark.
2.He might have given him more help, thought he was busy.
should/ought to have done用于肯定句时,表示本该做某事,而实际上未做;用于否定句时,则表示不该做的事反而做了。1.He should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing.
2.You shouldn’t have done it so carelessly.
3.You ought to have returned the book earlier.
4.You ought not to have refused his offer.
needn’t have done表示做了本来不必去做的事。注意:didn’t need to do表示“没必要做而实际上也没有做某事”1.You needn’t have watered the plants, for it is going to rain.
2.I didn’t need to buy the dictionary. I had a copy at home.
had better have done用于事后的建议,含轻微责备的口吻,意为“当时最好做了某事”,其否定式had better not have done表示相反的含义。1.You had better have started earlier.
2.You had better not have scolded her.
would rather have done表示“当时宁愿做了某事”,其否定式would rather not have done表示相反的含义,两者都表示“后悔”之意。1.I would rather have taken his advice.
2.I would rather not have told him the truth.

参考资料:百度文库

语文中什么是情态动词

表示可能:能 能够 会可 可能 可以 得以

表示意愿:愿意 乐意 情愿 肯要愿 想要 要想 敢 敢于 乐于

表示必要:应 应该 应当 得(dei) 该当 须得 犯得着 犯不着 理当

表示估价:值得 便于 难于 难以 易于

情态动词(Modal verbs)本身有一定的词义,表示语气的单词。但是不能独立作谓语,只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词用在行为动词前,表示说话人对这一动作或状态的看法或主观设想。

扩展资料

用法

can, could

1) 表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。

Can you lift this heavy box?(体力)

Mary can speak three languages.(知识)

Can you skate?(技能)

此时可用be able to代替。Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式;而be able to则有更多的时态。

I’ll not be able to come this afternoon.

当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to,不能用Can。如:

He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.

2) 表示请求和允许。

-----Can I go now?

----- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.

此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中。

---- Could I come to see you tomorrow?

---- Yes, you can. ( No, I’m afraid not. )

参考资料:百度百科-情态动词

情态动词can和must用法和异同点的手抄报

【情态动词用法解读】
1.can(could)意为“能,可以,可能”.can多用于指现在或将来.could多用于指过去式,但也可以用于指现在,表达的语气更委婉.用法有:表示能力;表示怀疑、猜测,常用于否定句和疑问句中;表示请求和允许,相当于may;表示可能性(can比could可能性大).

2.must表示义务,意为“必须.应该”;表示推测,意为“一定”.一般用于肯定句;否定句中,mustn't表示禁止,意为“不允许”.

初中英语情态动词用法与归纳

1
中学英语情态动词用法归纳与练习

A
can / could = be able to

1
表示能力两种时态
can (could)
,其他时态要用
be able to
的形式

He can speak French.
Was/were able to
可以表示成功做成某事的含义
* managed to do / succeeded in doing

2
表示请求或许可

Could


Can
更加客气

Can I go now? Y
es, you can.
3
表示推测或可能性,常用于否定句和疑问句

Today is Sunday. He can't be at school.

Could have done
可用在肯定句中表示过去存在的可能性
* may have done
She could have gone out with some friends yesterday
.
Could have done
可以表示虚拟语气

,
某事可能发生(并没有发生)

It was silly to throw the TV out of the window. It could have hit somebody.
B may and might
的用法

1
表示请求和允许

类似用法
can could(
更加口语化
)
May I watch TV now?
Y
es, you may
.
2
表示可能性
;
猜测
might

may
更加不确定
may/might have done
对过去的揣测
*
May not
可能不;不可能;一定不可

3
表示祝愿

Wish you success! May you succeed!*
C must and have to
1
表示必须;一定要

可以用

have to
代替

must
现在;将来的必须

而且是主观看法
*
have to
有多种时态

而且强调客观情况

I really must stop smoking now.

I had to leave early because I wasn’t
feeling well.
Must I come here?
Y
es, you must. No, you needn’t. needn’t / don’t have to

must not

2 must
表示推测

意思非常肯定


一定是
”“
一定会


It must be raining outside.
Must have done
对过去
/
完成的推测
*
must have done, didn’t / hasn’t

Must be doing
推测现在正在进行

He must have gone over the article, hasn’t he?

D need and dare
过去时

dared

情态动词和实意动词的区别

A

人称变化

B do / to do
C
直接否定

/
间接否定

can
work
Need /dare
肯定句中,实义动词

She needs to do it. I dare to do it.
使用在否定句
,
疑问句中,情态动词,实义动词。

I dare not do it.
I don’t dare (to) do it.

I need not do it.
I don’t need to do it.

1 need
情态动词

无时态;人称的变化

多用于疑问句和否定句

Y
ou needn’t try to explain.

Needn’t = don’t have to

Needn’t have done
sth
过去本不必做某事
*
虚拟语气

3 dare
情态动词

过去时

dared
无人称的变化

多用在疑问句和否定句

Dare he tell them what he knows?
4 dare
实义动词

有时态;
人称的变化后接
to do
用于疑问句和否定句时

其后的
to
有时可省


Do you dare (to) jump off the high wall?
E will and would
1
表示征求对方
(
第二人称
)
意见或询问对方意愿

would

will
更客气委婉

Would


used to
的区别
*
Would
只能用来表示重复的动作而不能表示状态

Used to
既可表示动作也可表示状态
,
强调现在不如此

He used to be a university student.
2 shall
肯定句中

表示说话人强烈的感情

允许,命令,禁止和威胁

*

2
These rules shall be obeyed.

4 should
表示劝告,建议

= ought to
应该

You should wash your hands first.
Should
主要表示主观看法
*

Ought to
客观情况

法律、规定、义务的使用

上一篇:看上他

下一篇:没有了

相关阅读