现在完成时详细讲解
一、现在完成时的两种基本用法
1、 已完成用法(影响性用法)。该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作在过去已经完成，并且这个过去发生并完成的动作对现在有影响或结果，同时说话强调的或感兴趣的就是这个影响或结果：
He has left the city. 他已离开这个城市。(结果：他不在这个城市)
Someone has broken the window. 有人把窗户打破了。(结果：窗户仍破着)
Have you seen my bag? 你看到我的手提包了吗?(结果：你知道它在哪里吗?)
2、 未完成用法(持续性用法)：该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作并未在过去完成，而是一直持续到现在，并且有可能继续下去(也可能到此结束)：
Have you waited long? 你等了很久吗?
We have been busy this afternoon. 今天下午我们一直很忙。
The temperature has stayed hot this week. 这星期天气一直很热。
【注】除以上用法外，现在完成时还可表示过去的重复动作甚至将来动作：
He has always gone to work by bike. 他总是骑自行车上班。
I’ll go to bed when I’ve finished my homework. 我做完作业后就上床睡觉了。
二、与现在完成时连用的常用词语
能与现在完成时连用词语很多，如副词just, already, yet, before, ever, recently 等，但下面是一些典型而且重要的例子：
1、 since(自从)：不管用作介词、连词还是副词, 句子(主句)谓语通常都用现在完成时：
I haven’t seen her since last week. 自上周以来我一直未见过她。
Where have you been since I last saw? 自我上次见到你之后你到哪里去了?
【注】有时可用其他时态的情况，但须注意：
1） 对于某些表示状态的动词(如 seem 等)，或因语义等方面的原因，有时可能用一般现在时比较现在完成时更合适：
It seems like years since we last met. 我们似乎几年未见面了。
Since when does the $42 plus $5 service charge come to $48? 从什么什候开始42元加5元的服务费等于48元了?
2） 若不是指从过去持续到现在，而是指从较远的过去持续到在一个较近的过去，则用过去完成时：
Yesterday he told me that he hadn’t eaten anything since Tuesday. 他昨天告诉我自星期二以来他一直未吃任何东西。(指从星期二至昨天未吃东西)
3） 表示时间长度时，通常用一般现在时代替现在完成时：
It’s ten years since he left here. 他离开这儿已10年了。
2、 so far(到目前为止)：
So far there has been no bad news. 到现在为止还没有什么坏消息。
We haven’t had any trouble so far. 到目前为止，我们还没有遇到任何麻烦。
3、 in [for, during] the past [last] … years(在过去…年中)：
In the past two years I’ve seen him little. 过去两年我很少见到他。
I have been here (for) the last [past] month. 最近一个月里我都在这儿。
【注】在一定的上下文里，若是以过去时间为起点，也可用过去完成时。
4、 up to [until] now(到现在为止)：
Up to now, the work has been easy. 到现在为止这工作还算容易。
I have heard nothing from him up to now. 到现在为止我还没有听到他一点音信。
5、 It’s [will be] the first time that…(第一次…)：
It’s the first time I’ve come here. 这是我第一次来这儿。
Don’t forget, it’ll be the first time I’ve spoken in public. 别忘了，这是我第一次在公共场合发言。
拓展资料
现在完成时与一般过去的区别
现在完成时的已完成用法很容易与一般过去时相混淆，其区别是：前者强调对现在的影响和结果，后者不强调这个影响和结果，而是强调这个动作发生的时间是在过去：
I’ve lived here for ten years. 我在这里住了10年。(现在仍住这儿)
I lived here for ten years. 我在这里住过10年。(现在不住这儿了)
He has bought a house. 他买了一栋房子。(现在已拥有这房子)
He bought a house ten years ago. 他10年前买了一栋房子。(现在是否仍拥有这房子不清楚)
【注】有些副词或介词短语(如just, before, recently, in the past等)根据情况，既可与现在完成时连用也可与一般过去时连用。
have been to 和have gone to
两者均可后接地点，前者表示去过某地，通常可与表示次数的状语连用;后者表示到某地去了，强调说话的当时去某地的人不在场。比较：
He has been to Paris three times. 他去过巴黎三次。
He has gone to Paris. 他去巴黎了。(即现在不在这儿)
英语：什么时候用现在完成时
1、表示过去所发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结果，着眼点在现在。现在完成时时常与不确定的过去时间状语连用，表示“已发生”或“未发生”。
如：yet，just，before，recently，once，lately，of late等；也同表示频度的时间状语连用，如：often，ever，never，sometimes，twice，on several occasions等；
也同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用，如：now，today，this morning，this month，this year等。但不能同特定的过去时间状语（in 1995，last year等）连用。
2、表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在，并可能延续下去的动作。常同表示包括现在时间在内的一段时间的状语连用，如：so far，up to now，since last year，for a long time，all my life，these few days等。
3、某些非延续性动词（动作一开始就结束的动词），在现在完成时中，不能同表示一段时间的状语连用。常见的这类动词有：come，go，begin，start，become，arrive，get，reach，leave，join，end，lose等。
4、在after，as soon as，if，till，when等引导的状语从句中，用现在完成时代替将来完成时。
5、"It/This is/will be the first/last/second/third，...time that..."结构中的从句要求用现在完成时。
6、"It/This is the best/worst/most interesting+名词+that..."结构中的从句要求用现在完成时。
7、由since引导的时间状语从句，不论用的是延续性动词或状态动词的一般过去时，还是非延续性动词的一般过去时，通常都表示动作的完成或结束。
8、Since引导的时间状语从句也可用在完成时。如果由since引导的状语从句的动作或状态延续至今，通常要用现在完成时。这种用法中since表示的不是动作的结束，而是动作的延续。
9、表示某人的经历或已故某人的言论、某国的作用对现在和将来具有长久现实意义和深远影响。
10、现在完成时可以表示反问口气（与when连用）或感情色彩。
11、现在完成时可同long ago连用。现在完成时有时可以同long ago连用，这样用的long ago或为事后想到的添补之词，或指比较笼统的过去，或表示结果。有时，现在完成时还可以同具体过去时间连用，为添补之词。
12、现在完成时可以表示过去重复的动作，常与often，always等连用。
13、现在完成时可以表示过去的经验、事件，同when，while，after从句连用。
14、hope...+should/would型完成时从句。hope，think，expect的过去式之后，加上”should或would+完成式"，常表示期望、希望落空，没有实现。
15、现在完成时可同进行时未完成的动作进行对比。
16、get的现在完成时。get的现在完成时是have/has got，美式英语中用gotten。have/has got在口语中往往仅是一个现在完成时的形式，表示现在或将来的意义，实际相当于have/has，当“有”解释，但常有很灵活的译法。有时have/has got相当于have/has to，当“必须”解释。
扩展资料
一、现在完成时态的构成：
助动词have / has +动词的过去分词。
当主语为第三人称单数用has,其余人称用have。
否定句在助动词have/ has 后加not ；
疑问句则把助动词Have/ Has 提放到主语之前。
如：I have worked here for ten years .
She hasn't been to the Great Wall . Haveyou been to Beijing ?
二、一般过去时与现在完成时的区别
过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响；一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用。
试比较：I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了，不涉及现在）
I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
英语现在完成时详细讲解、、最好举几个例子、、
第一，现在完成时表示过去发生了某个动作，并且一直持续至今。 比如我们在最初学习这个时态时，都会记住类似这样的例句：I have learned English for 5 years. Tom has lived in Beijing for 6 months.这样的句子固然是正确的。但却容易忽略一个前提，即句中的动作是一直持续到现在的。因此更加严谨的说法应当是：So far，I have learned English for 5 years. Up to now，Tom has lived in Beijing for 6 months.虽然我们可以省略表示“持续至今”的短语，如例句中使用的so far，up to now，但头脑中要有这样的意识。否则有些同学会误把for 5 years 和for 6 months这样表示“持续一段时间”的短语当作现在完成时的标志词，就会在考试中出现时态使用的错误。 比如，From 2001 to 2006, I have learned English for 5 years.就是时态错误的句子，而我们需要一眼就能看出这样的错误。因为，句中虽然有for 5 years，但From 2001 to 2006已经明白地指出这个动作在过去已经结束了，因此不能用现在完成时态，而应使用一般过去时态。正确的句子应为From 2001 to 2006，I learned English for 5 years.在这种情况下，区别现在完成时和一般过去时的主要标准就是看某个动作是否持续到了现在，而不能仅靠记住某些所谓“标志词”。 第二，现在完成时表示过去发生的某个动作对现在造成了影响。 比如I have had lunch.这样的句子，但要注意，在使用这样的句子时，我们也容易忽略一个前提，即句中的动作对现在造成了一定的影响。因为我们从字面上无法看出这句话和I had lunch.有什么区别。因此，更加严谨的说法应当是I have had lunch，so I am not hungry.此句中so I am not hungry 就表示了一种对现在的影响。 因此也要注意现在完成时的这种用法和一般过去时的区别。这时这两种时态的主要差异在于，过去的某个动作是否对现在造成了影响。现在完成时通常会表明这种影响，而一般过去时则不会这么做。请大家比较I saw the movie.和I have seen the movie，so I know its plot.之间的区别。
要英语 现在完成时 详细讲解
一、现在完成时的构成
（一）肯定式
主语＋助动词have ／has ＋过去分词＋其它
说明：这里的have ／has是助动词，没有什么具体意义。当主语是第三人称单数时助动词用has，其余人称一律用have。 has，have的缩略式分别为's或've。规则动词过去分词的构成与过去式的构成方式一样，不规则动词可参看不规则动词表。实例：
1）I've just copied all the new words ．我刚抄写了所有的生词。 (表示不要再抄了)
2）She has lost her books ．她丢失了她的书。 （表示到目前为止还没有找到）
(如果用过去时：She lost her books . 则强调书是过去丢的这一动作，而不知现在有没有找到)
3）We've just cleaned the classroom ．我们刚好打扫了教室。（表明现在教室是干净的）
（二）否定式
主语＋助动词have ／has＋not＋过去分词＋其它
说明：现在完成时构成否定句时，只需在助动词have ／has后面加not就行。have not，has not的缩略式分别为haven't ，hasn't。另外，肯定句中有some，already时，改为否定时要分别改成any，yet。实例：
1）I haven't finished my homework yet．我还没有完成我的作业。
2）She hasn't travelled on a train ．她没有坐火车旅行过。
3）We have never spoken to a foreigner．我们从来没有和外国人说过话。
注：有时not可以用never代替，表示“从来没有”的意思。又如：
4）I have never seen him before．以前我从来没有见过他。
（三）一般疑问式
助动词Have ／Has ＋主语＋过去分词＋其它 ？
说明：把陈述句中的have或has放到句首，句末打问号，同时把句中的some ，already改为any ，ye t就构成了一般疑问句。肯定回答用“Yes ，主语＋have／has．否定回答用“No，主语＋haven't／hasn't．”有时也可以用“No，not yet．／No ，never．／No，not even once．”等。实例：
1）—Have you ever made dumplings ？你曾经做过饺子吗？
—Yes ，I have ．是的，我做过。
2）—Has she ever been abroad ？她曾经出过国吗？
—No，never．不，从来没有。
3）—Have they found the lost books yet ？他们已经找到了丢失的书吗？
—Yes ，they have．是的，他们找到了。
注意：当句中有否定词not ，hardly（几乎不），never的时候，在改为反意疑问句时，附加部分用肯定形式。例如：You have never come to our school ，have you ？你以前从来没有来过我们学校，是吗？
二、现在完成时的用法
（一）现在完成时的用法1：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。此时，常与时间副词already（已经） ，yet（还、已经） ，just(刚刚、仅仅) ，ever（曾经） ，never（从不） ，before（以前）等连用。这几个副词的用法如下：
1．already意为“已经”，通常用于肯定句中，可放在助动词之后，过去分词之前，也可以放在句末。实例：
1）I've already read this book. 我已经读过这本书了。
（“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是“知道书中的内容”。
2）I've washed my clothes already．我已经洗了衣服。
（洗衣服的动作已完成，其结果是“衣服冼干净了”。）
注意：在表示吃惊或明知故问等感情色彩时，already也可用于（口语）疑问句中。实例：
3）Have you met him already ？你（真的）已经见过他了？
2．yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”，用在否定句中意为“还”，常放在句末。实例：
1）—Has he found his watch yet ？他已经找到他的手表了吗？
—No，not yet．不，还没有。
2）The woman hasn't found her dog yet ．
那位妇女还没有找到她的狗。（没找到狗，心里着急，这就是对现在的影响）
3．just意为“刚刚”，表示行为刚刚过去，常放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例：
He has just come back from school ．他刚从学校回来。
4．ever意为“曾经”，用于疑问句或否定句中，放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例：
1）Have you ever been to Hong Kong ？你曾去过香港吗？
2）I haven't ever spoken to her．我未曾和她说过话。
5．never意为“从来没有”常与before连用（before要放在句尾，而never多放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例：
I have never travelled by plane before．我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。
6．before意为“以前”，指过去不确定的某个时间，总是放在句末，不受句型的限制。实例：
1）Have you been to Hainan before ？你以前去过海南吗？
2）I haven't eaten Guangdong food before．我以前没吃过广东菜。
（二）现在完成时用法二2——持续性用法（肯定句，疑问句中谓语动词必须是延续性动词）：表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。此时常与“for ＋一段时间或“since＋过去的点时间或从句（从句用一般过去时）以及so far（到目前为止）等时间状语连用。
for + 段时间
since +点时间
实例：
1）I've lived here since 1990．自从1990年以来我就住在这里。
= I've lived here since 13 years ago.
= I've lived here for 13 years.
= It is 13 years since I began to live here.
2）I haven't seen him for three years ．我三年没有看见他了。
= I haven't seen him since three years ago
= I haven't seen him since 2000.
= It is 3 years since I saw him last time.
3）Mr Wang has worked in the factory since he came to the city ．
自从到这个城市以来，王先生一直在这家工厂工作。
4）She's been at this school since five years ago．
自从五年前以来她就在这个学校。
注意：①在这类句子的肯定句和疑问句中谓语动词必须用延续性动词。短暂性动词由于动作不能持续，故不能与for(达到；累计)或since（自从。。。到现在）引出的时间状语连用。
②对for和since引导的时间状语提问要用How long
1） 他入团两年了。
误：He has joined the League for two years．
正：He has been a League member for two years．
2）我买这辆自行车三年了。
误：I have bought this bike for three years．
正：I have had this bike for three years．
2） ▲部分短暂性动词与之对应的延续性动词：
短暂性动词 延续性动词
die → be dead
borrow → keep
buy/catch → have
get up → be up
come → be in
finish → be over
leaver → be away
open → be open
close → be closed
begin → be on
become interested in → be interested in
有人可能会问：一般过去时和现在完成时所表示的动作都发生在过去，那么这两种时态有什么区别呢？
☆答：①一般过去时与具体的表示过去时间状语如：yesterday连用；强调动作在过去发生，与现在无关。
②现在完成时与自已的特征词连用，强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响或过去开始发生一直持续到现在的动作。
例： He saw the film last night. (过去时，表示他昨晚看过那部电影了，现在不知还要不要再看一次)
He has (ever) seen the film before.（现在\完成时，表时他已看过那部电影，现在不想再看了）
用于现在完成时的句型
1）It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。
It is the first time that I have visited the city.
It was the third time that the boy had been late.
2）This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.
This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.
这是我看过的最好的电影。
This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
参考资料：http://sy40.blog.163.com/blog/static/469549262011578290943/
现在完成时的含义有几层及详细讲解
一、现在完成时表示影响
如：
He has left the city. 他已离开这个城市。(结果：他不在这个城市。)
Someone has broken the window. 有人把窗户打破了。(结果：窗户仍破着。)
二、现在完成时表示持续
如：
He has taught in our school for 30 years. 他在我们学校教书已有30年了。
He has been busy since last week. 自上个星期以来他一直很忙。
三、现在完成时表示重复
如：
How often have you seen her? 你隔多少见她一次?
四、现在完成时表示将来
如：I’ll wait until he has written his letter. 我愿等到他把信写完。
When you have rested, I’ll show you the garden. 等你休息好之后，我领你看我们的花园。
现在完成时讲解
在完成时的结构
现在完成时由“have/has+过去分词”构成，主要有两个含义： ①表示动作发生在过去，但与现在的情况有联系，有时无时间状语，有时和一些表示不确定的过去时间状语连用，如：many times，just，yet，ever，never，just，already，before，so far, by now等连用。 ②表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并还可能继续延续下去的动作，用于延续性动词，且句中常带有表示一段时间的时间状语，如：since + 时间点/从句，for two months, so far等。 二 、1）现在完成时和一般过去时都能表示过去发生过的动作，但现在完成时表示过去动作对现在的影响，并且表示这一动作已完成或还可能继续下去；2）而一般过去时与现在的情况没有联系，仅表示过去的动作，且这一动作到说话时已终止。因此现在完成时不能与表示明确的过去时间如：in1949，yesterday，last week等的状语连用，并且用when或where对这些时间和地点状语提问时，一般只用一般过去时。 三、在“it is first/second...time that...。”或在“it/this/that is the +最高级+名词+that...。”结构中，that从句中的动词常用现在完成时；在“it + be ...+since从句”这一结构中，be可用一般现在时或现在完成时，since从句一般用过去时。
急求现在完成时的讲解，练习（附答案）！！！！！
Grammar 现在完成时
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成： have (has) +过去分词。规则变化的过去分词与过去式的变化一样，在动词词尾加ed; 不规则变化的过去分词见不规则动词表，需要同学记忆。
现以see the film为例将现在完成时的肯定句， 否定句和疑问句列表如下：
肯定句：I/You/We/They have seen the film. He/She /It has seen the film.
否定句：I/You/We/They have not/ haven’t seen the film.
He/ She/It has not/hasn’t seen the film.
疑问句：Have I/you/they seen the film? Yes, you/ we/I/they have. No, you/ we/I/they haven’t.
Has he/she/it seen the film? Yes, he/ she/ it has. No, he/ she/ it hasn’t.
二、用法：现在完成时既涉及过去，又联系现在。用法一：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常与just（刚刚），already（已经），never（从来没有），ever（曾经），before（以前），yet（仍然），once（一次），twice（两次），many times（很多次），how many times（多少次），so far（迄今为止），during the past（last）three years（最近三年来）等连用。
※ 副词的位置：①just常用于肯定句中，放在have / has后，He has just come .
②never表示否定, 放在have / has后, He has never visited the Great Wall.
③ever用于疑问句中,句型为: Have / Has＋主语＋ever ＋过去分词？“…曾经……过吗？”用于询问某人过去的经历。Have you ever been to the farm？
④before用于句末，The woman has never heard of that before.
⑤yet 用于句末或not 之后.Has the train arrived yet? No, not yet.
⑥already用于肯定句, have / has 之后或句末.We have already finished it.
⑦so far用于句首或句末. So far, we have visited the moon.
用法二：表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态。时间状语有：
① for＋表示一段时间的词语I have taught English for 19 years。
② since＋表示过去时间点的词语He has been at this school since 1986.
③ since＋表示过去的时间状语从句I have lived here since I was born.
④ since＋一段时间＋ago. I have known him since 20 years ago.
三、现在完成时态中可以和表示一段时间状语（for，since，how long, all one’s life）连用的动词必须是表示延续的情况或动作的动词，即延续性动词。如：be，have，know，live，work，study，learn，teach，keep，speak，talk，draw，wait，wear，walk，sleep，drive，write，do，clean等。
I have been a teacher for nearly 20 years. How long has he lived here?
四、延续性动词的现在完成时可和包括“现在”在内的（到说话时仍未结束）表示一段时间的状语连用。如this morning，today，this week，these days
He has been to Beijing three times this year. He has written two letters this morning.（说话时间在上午）He wrote two letters this morning.（说话时间在下午或晚上）
五、英语中还有一些动词的意义决定它们所表示的动作不能延续,只是一瞬间
就结束的动作,这类动词叫做“非延续性动词”，常见的有：come，go，arrive，reach，see，hear，close，open，leave，begin，start，lose，buy，fall，join，die，get up，become，borrow，lend，find，finish，receive等。这些动词可用于现在完成时，说明某个动作的结果还存在，但不能和表示一段时间的状语（how long，for，since）连用。He has come back.（√）He has come back for two hours.（×）
※ 但在否定句中，非延续性动词也可用表示一段时间的状语来修饰，如
I haven’t heard from my father for a long time. We haven’t seen him since 1999.
六、当终止性动词（非延续性动词）与表示一段时间的状语（how long，since，for， all one’s life）相矛盾时,改正错句的方法有如下几种:
（1）用副词ago把现在完成时的句子改为一般过去时.
He has come back for two weeks.（错）改为:He came back two weeks ago.（正）
I have lost my bike for ten days. （错）改为:I lost my bike ten days ago. （正）
（2）用“It is / has been＋时间＋since＋一般过去时态”句型来改写。
He has joined the League for 3 years. （错）It is 3 years since he joined the League.
I have bought the book for 5 days. （错）It is 5 days since I bought the book. （正）
He has died for 20 years. （错）It is 20 years since he died. （正）
（3）用“时间＋has passed＋since＋一般过去时态”句型来改写。
He has left home for 20 years. 改为:Twenty years has passed since he left home.
He has lost his pen for 2 days. 改为:Two days has passed since he lost his pen.
（4）用系表结构来改写.
He has died for 20 years. 改为: He has been dead for 20 years.
The factory has opened since 1999. 改为:The factory has been open since 1999.
How long has he left? 改为:How long has he been away?
（5）用相应的延续性动词替代非延续性动词。
He has bought the book for two weeks. 改为:He has had the book for two weeks.
常见的相应转换形式如下:
borrow / lend→keep, buy→have, finish / end→be over, arrive /come / go / move / reach /get to→be in /at / be here /be there, begin / start→be on , open→be open , close→be closed, die→be dead , leave→be away（from）,go to school→be in school / be a student, get up→be up, fall asleep→be asleep , fall ill→be ill, get to know→know, lose→be lost, become→be, return / come back / get back→be back, join→be in / be a…member, join the army→be in the army /be a soldier, receive / get a letter→have a letter , catch / get a cold→have a cold, begin to study→study,
他参军已有三年.He has joined the army for three years.（错）改为:
He has been in the army for three years / since three years ago.
He has been a soldier for three years / since three years ago.
He joined the army three years ago.
It is three years since he joined the army.
Three years has passed since he joined the army.
（1）He came to our village two years ago.=He our village since two years ago.
（2）He left home three days ago=He home for 3 days.
（3）I bought the watch 2 weeks ago=I the watch since 2 weeks ago.
（4）It is 5 days since I borrowed the book=I the book for 5 days.
（5）The film has begun= The film for half an hour.
（6）I got to know him 10 years ago=I him for 10 years.
（7）There is a factory=There a factory for 20 years.
（8）Our school opened in 1960=Our school since 1960.
七、现在完成时中应注意的几个问题
1. have been to 和have gone to的区别
have been to 强调“去过”，现已不在那里，如：
He has been to the USA three times.
他到美国去过三次。（过去“到美国”，现在已“不在美国”）
have gone to主要强调的是“去了”，现在人不在说话的现场，如：
--Where's your mother? --你妈妈在哪？
--She has gone to the hospital. --她去医院了。
2. have been to 和have been in的区别
have been to强调人“已回到原地”，后面可接表示“次数”的状语。
eg. ① She has been to Shanghai only once.
②--How many times has he been there? --He's been there many times.
have been in表示某人“已在某地停留一段时间，现仍在那里”，其后常带表示一段时间的状语。
eg. ①They have been at the bus stop for half an hour.他们在车站呆了半小时。（现在仍然在车站）
②We have been in Xi'an for two weeks.
我们在西安呆了两个多星期。（现仍在西安）
③How long have they been in China?
他们在中国呆了多长时间了？（仍在中国）
八、如何通过与一般过去时做比较,进一步掌握现在完成时?
一般过去时和现在完成时的动作都发生在过去,但意义却不同.
（1）一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态,和现在不发生关系。
现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响,强调的是现在。
如:I learned ten English songs（说明过去学过,现在是否记得,不是本句的内容）
I have learnt ten English songs.（learn发生在过去,但强调我现在懂英语歌曲）
I cleaned the blackboard half an hour ago.（只说明“擦”和其发生的时间）
I have cleaned the blackboard.（说明现在黑板是干净的）
The teacher has written some new words on the blackboard（黑板上现在有单词）
The teacher wrote some new words on the blackboard（黑板上现在没有单词）
（2）一般过去时可以和表示过去的时间状语连用,如:yesterday, last year, three days ago, just now, 等。现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用,其时间状语可以是since…,for… , just, ever, never, before, already, yet , so far, all one’s life等
八、规则动词的过去分词和它的过去式相同,即在原形后加－ed（－d）。已学近80个不规则动词的过去分词约有半数也和它的过去式相同,分类如下,利于记忆:
1) 原形中的元音字母有变化:
get-got-got, sit –sat-sat win-won-won spit- spat- spat shine –shone- shone
find- found- found hold-held-held meet- met-met stand- stood-stood
understand-understood-understood feed- fed-fed hang-hung-hung
2) 原形中的辅音字母有变化:
make-made-made spill-spilt-spilt have/ has-had-had build-built-built
send-sent-sent lend- lent- lent spend-spent-spent
3) 在原形后加t或d:
spoil-spoilt-spoilt learn-learnt-learnt mean-meant-meant hear-heard-heard
pay-paid-paid say-said-said lose-lost-lost lay-laid-laid
4) 原形中的元音字母和辅音字母都有变化:
feel-felt-felt smell-smelt-smelt spell-spelt –spelt keep-kept-kept
sleep-slept-slept sweep-swept-swept leave-left-left sell-sold-sold
tell-told-told catch-caught-caught teach-taught-taught buy-bought-bought
bring-brought-brought think-thought-thought wear-wore-worn
5) 与原形相同:
hit-hit-hit hurt-hurt-hurt let-let-let put-put-put read-read-read
set-set-set shut-shut shut cost-cost-cost cut-cut-cut
还有些不规则动词的过去分词与过去式不相同,为便于记忆,也分类如下:
1)原形中的元音字母有变化:
ring-rang-rung sing-sang-sung drink-drank-drunk swim-swam-swum
begin-began-begun sink-sank-sunk
2) 在原形上加－en:
eat-ate-eaten fall-fell-fallen ride-rode-ridden write-wrote- written
be-was/were-been rise-rose-risen forget-forgot-forgotten
3)在原形上加－n:
see-saw-seen give-gave-given drive-drove-driven take-took-taken
mistake-mistook-mistaken draw-drew-drawn blow-blew-blown
grow-grew-grown know-knew-known show-showed-shown throw-threw-thrown
4)在过去式上加－n:
steal-stole-stolen break-broken–broken choose-chose-chosen speak-spoke-spoken wake-woke-woken
6) 与原行相同:come-came-come run-ran-run become-became-become
7) 原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同的:
do-did-done go-went-gone fly-flew-flown lie-lay-lain
个别动词有两个过去式和过去分词,一个为规则变化,另一个为不规则变化:
learn-learned-learned shined-shined smell – smelled-smelled
learnt-learnt shine shone-shone smelt-smelt
wake -waked-waked spelled-spelled
woke-woken spell -spelt –spelt
【典型例题】
1. — Oh, Mrs. King, your necklace looks nice. Is it new?
— No, I ____ it for two years.
A. had B. have had C. bought D. have bought
2. His grandfather _____ for over two years.
A. has died B. has been dead C. has dead D. died
3.Uncle Li can speak English very well because he _____ England for 5 years.
A. has gone to B. has been to C. has come to D. has been in
4. — Where is Mr. Zhang? — He _____ London.
A. has been to B. has been C. has gone D. has gone to
5. — _____ to the United States? — No, never, but I went to Canada a few years ago.
A. Have you been B. Have you gone C. Did you go D. Will you go
6. I haven’t seen you _____ last Friday.
A. for B. since C. from D. on
7. — John, you ____ the computer game for two hours. It’s bad for your eyes. Stop, please!
— OK, Mum.
A. played B. have played C. were playing D. play
8.I won’t go to the concert because I _____ my ticket.
A. lost B. don’t lose C. have lost D. will lost
Exercise: Fill in the blanks with the right verb tense:
1. It （rain）for a week.
2. I don’t know this woman. I （meet, never）her.
3.－Let’s go to the cinema.－No, I （see, already）the film.
4. We （finish, not）our homework yet. Will you wait a minute?
5. John （come, not）yet. He will be back in a minute.
6. Mr. Green often goes to America. In fact, he （be）there ten times.
7. －Where’s John? －He just （go）to the teachers’ office.
8. She （study）English since she was ten. She （begin）to study English when she was ten.
9. Jim isn’t here. He （go）to the library. He （go）there an hour ago.
10. He （travel, never）on a train in her life.
11. I （buy）the bike two weeks ago. I （have）this bike since the beginning of this month. I （have）it for two weeks.
12. Great changes （take place）in those villages in the last ten years, Great changes （take place, also）in my home－town in the last ten years.
13. How many times you （phone）me these days? you （phone）me this morning?
14. Tom can’t get into the room because he （lost）the key to the door.
15. I （look）for the dictionary, but I （find not）it yet.
16. － the new programmes （start）yet?－No, they （plan,still）
18. We （live）in Shanghai from 1989 to 1999. We （live）for 10 years.
19. They can’t go with us. They （finish, not）the work yet.
20. You （change, not ）your mind, haven’t you?
21.We must pay for the library book if we （lost）it.
22. He has already finished his homework.（改为否定句）
He finished his homework .
23.－ I hear your father （be）to Japan once.－Yes. He （go）there last year.
24. －When you （buy）the book?－I （have）it for two weeks.
25. Such a thing （happen, never）in the village before.
现在完成时态1have / has +done,请注意与一般过去式的区别
I have already worked out this math problem? (改为否定句)
I worked out the math problem .
He has already finished the book.(改一般疑问句并做肯定否定回答)
he the book ? Yes, he . No, he .
I have a book.. (改一般疑问句并做肯定和否定回答)
you a book? Yes, I . No, I .
I have got a book. (改一般疑问句并做肯定和否定回答)
you a book? Yes, I . No, I .
He has got a book. (改一般疑问句并做肯定和否定回答)
he a book? yes, he .No, he .
You have done your homework, you ?(改为反意疑问句)
He has never been abroad, he? (改为反意疑问句)
We have got little milk, we? (改为反意疑问句)
Jim has got a pen. Lucy has got a pen too.(改为同义句) Jim has got a pen, Lucy.
I think you never (hear) such a thing.
you (know) where your sister has (go)?
I think you (be) all right soon.
If you (lose) a book, you (pay ) for it.
I (tell) you about the accident as soon as I (finish) the work.
you ( read) the book yet?
Tom just (find) his cat.
He (not see) the film yet. So he see) it this evening.
I (have) my lunch already.
You (find) your lost book? Yes, I (find) it hours ago.
You needn’t tell him about it. I already him about it.(tell)
--Have you ever (be) to Tibet? --Yes, I . --when you there?(go) --Three weeks ago.
--Jim, you (write) a letter to your aunt? --yes,I .
I (write) it just now.
Have you (return) the ladder yet? No, not .I (return) it soon.
I (有) the book Harry Potter.
So far, I (not get) a letter from him.
Until now, she already (write) three books.
In the past few years, we (build) a lot of buildings.
In two or three years, the city (become) the most beautiful one in China.
This is the first time I (visit) the Great Wall.
We already (know)each other before.
We (get)to know each other three years ago.
They just (get) in touch with each other.
They (get) in touch with each other just now.
I am sorry. I (forget) your name.
I am sorry I (forget) to bring you photos.
--How many times you ever to Shanghai?
---I ever there three times.(去过)
--Where is Jim?--He to the teachers’ office(去了)
33. -- you to the hospial yet? .(去过)
--yes, I (go)to see Doctor Li this morning and he (give)me some medicine.
-- you (take) it.? -- yes, I it just a moment ago.(take)
She has worked in the school for three years. (改为同义句)
She has the school three years. .
I borrowed the book three days . (39和40为同义句)
I (借) the book for three days
She (learn) English for three years.
She (learn) English three years .(用since)
She (learn) English since 2002.
Last year he often (run) for two hours a day. Until now he for two years.(run)
He (live) here since he (move) here.
Our maths teacher (talk) to a boy when I (enter) the room
The Greens (be) to the Great Wall twice.
I (give) the message to her as soon as he (come) back.
There (be) no books on the shelf a moment ago.
Look, the Greens (have) supper. But we just (eat) it.
In one or two years, she (become) a doctor.
He died two years ago.(改为同义句) He for two years.
I bought the pen three hours ago.(改为同义句)
I (有)the pen for three hours.
I joined the army three years ago. (改为同义句)
I a member of the army three years.
I the army for three years.
It three years he the army.
谁能为我详细讲解一下现在完成时
希望对你有帮助。欢迎点击！不懂可以扩展的！
祝你学习进步O(∩_∩)O哈！
现在完成进行时态表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响，但是这个动作可能会对现在停止也可能会延续下去。
has/have+been doing sth
She has been helping me in the past days.
也就是说从过去某个时间一直持续到现在，而将来有可能还会持续下去，有可能不会持续下去
英语中现在完成时和完成进行时的详细用法，与讲解。
现在完成时的用法
①表示结果的现在完成时
现在完成时着眼于过去的动作对现在产生的结果或影响。这是现在完成时的“已完成”用法，表示动作或过程发生在说话之前就已完成，并与现在有联系。这种联系实际上就是“过去的动作”对现在的影响或产生的结果。
I have bought a pen.
我买了一支笔。（结果：I have a pen now.）
The temperature has increased by 10℃.
温度上升了10摄氏度。（结果：It is quite hot now.）
Air pollution has taken the lives of many people.
空气污染已经夺去了很多人的生命。（结果：Air pollution is very serious now.）
注意：
现在完成时的上下文所指的时态必须呼应。
②表示经历的现在完成时
强调过去某一时刻到说话时这段时间中的经历。
Have you ever been to the Great Wall?
你去过长城吗？
I have visited Beijing at least ten times.
北京我至少访问过十次了。
③表示延续的现在完成时
这是现在完成时的“未完成”用法，表示一个动作或状态从过去某时开始，持续到现在，可能要继续下去。
He's loved fishing for a long time.
他爱好钓鱼为时已久。（他现在仍爱好钓鱼）
注意：
现在完成时的“未完成”用法既可用于动态动词（主要是持续动词），也可用于状态动词，但它一般不适用于表示短暂动作或位置转移的动词，如：open, break, go, come, arrive, leave等。如用这类动词表示“未完成”，通常只限于否定结构。
I haven't seen a film for weeks.
我已经好几个星期没看电影了。
现在完成进行时的用法
①表示动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到现在
现在完成进行时常和all this time, this week, this month, all night, all the morning, recently等状语以及since和for引导的状语连用。
I have been reading Hemingway's Farewell to Arms recently.
我最近一直在读海明威的《永别了，武器》。
She has been reciting the words all the morning.
她整个上午都在背单词。
This is what I have been expecting since my childhood.
这是我从小以来就一直期待着的事情。
②表示动作刚刚结束
My clothes are all wet. I've been working in the rain.
我的衣服全湿了，我刚才一直在雨中干活。
③表示一个近期内时断时续、重复发生的动作
You've been saying that for five years.
这话你已经说了五年了。
④表达较重的感情色彩
What have you been doing to my dictionary?
看你把我的字典弄成什么样子了！
现在完成进行时和现在完成时的比较
①现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复，而现在完成时一般不表示重复性。
Have you been meeting him recently?
你最近常和他见面吗？
Have you met him recently?
你最近见到过他吗？
②现在完成进行时有时含有感情色彩，而现在完成时一般是平铺直叙。
I have been waiting for you for two hours.
我一直等了你两个小时。（可能表示不满）
I have waited for you for two hours.
我等了你两个小时。（说明一个事实）
③现在完成进行时强调动作，而现在完成时强调结果。
Who has been eating the oranges?
谁一直在吃这些桔子呀？（还剩余一些）